Framing-square.



H. B. SARGENT.

FRAMING SQUARE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY1o,1911.

Patented July 7, 1914.

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ATTORNEI/.S

UNITE@ STATES PATHIISII OFFICE. l

HENRY B. SARGENT, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO SARGENI & COMPANY, 0F NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION 0F CONNECTICUT.

FRAMING-SQUARE.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY B. SARGENT, a citizen 0f the United States, and a resident of the city of New Haven, county of New Haven, and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in F ramingSquares7 of which the following is a full, clear, and eXact description, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form,` a part thereof.

My invention relates to carpenters framing squares, and the primary object of the invention is to provide a square having an arrangement of rafter tables wherebyy a maximum amount of useful information to the carpenter may be placed on the square with the use of a minimum number of figures.

The novel features of the invention will1 of the back of the square, and Fig 4,A av

fragmentary view of the front face of the tongue.

In all the figures, similar letters of reference represent like parts.

In Fig. l, a roof frame is illustrated for the purpose of enabling the application of the invention to be better understood. In this view, A designates the ridge, Bthe plate, C a common rafter, D a cripple rafter, E a valley rafter, while F and Gr are a jack rafter and hip rafter, respectively. The rise of the roof is the distance in a plumb line from a point on the central line of the top of the ridge to the level of the top of the plate, while the run is the shortest distance from said plumb line to the outer edge of the plate. The run is therefore always half the outside width of the building. The pitch is represented by the proportion between the rise and the width of the building, and hence a roof of four feet rise, on a building twenty four feet wide, is called a roof of one-sixth pitch. The diagonal from the outer edge of the plate to the nearest point in the central line of the top of the Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 10, 1911.

Patented July *7, 1914.

Serial No. 637,700.

The cut against the lridge is arm corresponds to the rise, and the proper bevels are obtained by moving the square until the graduation on the body corresponding to thelength of the run registers with the lower edge of the rafter, and the graduation on the tongue corresponding with the height of the rise also registers with the lower edge of the rafter; thus, for

common rafter, the run is 12, and the rise 4E,

for one-sixth pitch. It will be seen that the hip rafter G-forms thev hypotenuse of a right angle triangle, one side being the common rafter C, and other side part of the plate B. The rise of the hip rafter is the same as that of the common rafter, while itsrun is the horizontal distance from the plumb line of 'its rise to the outside of the plate at the foot ofthe hip rafter. This run of the hip rafter is to the run of the common rafter as seventeen is to twelve, therefore for one-sixth pitch the common rafter run and rise are respectively twelve and four, while the hip rafter run and rise are respectively seventeen and four. The valley rafter forms the hypotenuse of a right angle triangle of which one side is the ridge and the other a common rafter, hence this triangle is similar to the triangle of which the hip rafter is the hypotenuse, and therefore the same rules apply in measuring its length and cuts Las for the hip rafters. The jack rafters F.

'are usually spaced either 16" or 24 apart, and, as they lie against the hip or valley rafters equally spaced, lthe second jack rafter must be twice as long as the first, the third three times as long as the first, and

so on. It will thus be seen that there is a` .definite relation between the runs of the comy mon rafters of given pitches and the runs, and consequently the lengths, of the hip' and valley rafters of the same pitch. rlhere is also a definite relation between the pitch'and i 1n Fig. 2, illustrative of the front, of the` square, are tables giving` the lengthof' the common rafters according to the runs thereof. ln this fvie'vv'lrlr are the figures designating 4the runs of the common rafters, ande these,

iigures are `the same as those used ordinarily-`L vgheading 8 `is found. t lll-7&6. which should be read as eleven fet., Seven and six- 'tivelfth inches, which. is, the length of hip'. or

toV designatek inches. These figures. consti- V tute headings for columns 1 designating the v lengthsfof. the common rafters `of a given pitch, the different ordinary pitches being indicated in vacolunin J., at the left` end of 20 run of the-common rafter being known, the lengthinay be read in the space lopposite the given, pitch and; under the heading-of the j given run. rljhis arrangement is tlieisame as yshoivnfin the Roberts Patent No. 651,057.

25 k@n the backofthe square areshoivn atthe outer edge ofthe body the figures K indicatingthe runs .of the common rafters and using for this purpose the graduations usually4 employed for indicating inches.

inner edge graduations L may be employed for the usual. inch measurements. As shown in` Fig. 3 the, figures indicating the common. i rafterruns begin at the night hand end of the body and run toWa-ldlthe left. 'Ehe usual iginch numerals 1, 2, 3, etc., are associated with the graduations on the edges of, the square. At the right hand end of; the body `is a triple column M, in which are placed the figures indicating the given. pitches of.

2 40 the rafters, disposed in di erent horizontal ruled spaces. To the left. of this column, is

a. columnN denoting the length ofthe hip -rafters to one foot of runt of the common rafters. Beyond the column N is afcolunin l O giving the lengths of.v they shortest, Jack rafter, spaced sixteenv inches on center, which dimension is also tlie'difference in length. of succeeding jack rafters-as 16ginches for4 one-sixth pitch. My next block of figures P givesthe length of the shortesti jack rafters spaced twenty-four yinches on centers.` The next block Q gives the side cut of; jacks' againsty the hip' or valley rafter as 9,-9-1-7- yfor one-sixth pitch. In order to obtain this .55 side cut, the square is placed across the rafter With the inch graduationA 9 of the body of, the square in coincidence With one edgeof the rafter, andfwith the 91,- graduation of the tongue in coincidence with the same edge of therafter. A line'drawn along lthe graduatededge of the tongue, will then indicate the desired, out. top land bottom cuts are-the same asy for the common'rafterland found in the-same Way,

. The next. block of. figures Q gives the side The j ackjrrafter pitch the lengths of the hipv or valley rafters relative to the run of the common rafter,

beginning with the run of eight, and having the respective lengths arranged'v in line With 'i the giyen pitches and in columns'R under "the headings indicating t-he runs. For instance, for a roof having a one-sixth pitch andhaving a common rafter run of;` eight feet, along the saine line of iigures with the one-sixth pitch indication, and under the valley rafter; lequired' fora roof. of. one-sixthv s jpltch. and 'a common rafteriain of eight. feet.

the body `of the square, sothat the pitch andV Referring to Fig., 3 it Willbe noted; that inthe particular embodiment illustrated, the tables; M, N,l O, l?, Qand, Q. arejassociated with. certain. of theI low-ei: inch graduations on,y one edge offv the square, e. g. the. inch the cominonirafters. are associated with. and cooperate Withy the higherinch graduations on thfsilmeedgerof the square, @.g. thezinch `graduatio-ns8, 9,10, etc. This is, an. espefcially adwantageous arrangement, as in prac-l tice common rafters seldom `have a runv off lessthan eight' feet (corresponding to eight inches. on theV square), Which permits. the `tables M, N, O, l), Q, and Q to be placed in association, with the loWLer.. inch graduations Where. they: may bel very.y conveniently referredito inreference'to the ad]` acenn tables giving theV lengths. of. the hip and valleyV rafters. Hence it. Will be understood. that bythe, arrangement. off the tables ini the manner described, a maximum amount; of

usefiih information tLo thel carpenter mayI bey placed on one of the,l arms off` the squarevvithj theiise of.` a minimum. number of'fgures-f..

The figures given,- arel for the rafter.

lengths from the center of theridge-board tothe outer edge of, theplate, hence inthe actual-use-of! the square and. table, one-half ofthe thickness of; the ridge-board. should'.A

be deductedfromthe guresfor the-lengths, and any-proJectOn beyond the plate for` the eave, added.

In addition to the above tablesthere; isV

shown on thetongue a seu ofi figures Sv cooperating With thebody and tongue andiexpressing the angleoffcuts` for common poly.-

gens. 'llhus fora ligurey of@y eight evensides,v

place theA square onthe piece of' lumber, and .take on the body offthesquare eighteen, and'l onthe tongue'seven and one-half, and thenimirlrthecpiece-by such angle,` and then saw, eightpieces o fyequal length having the angle cut at each, endof` eachvr piece,. and

the. pieces` will fit; togetherl to make an: eight.

sided ligure, in size depending upon the length of the pieces.v The standard brace measure T may also be marked upon the tongue of the square at the front face thereof, as shown in Fig. 4.

The measurements in the main table are in duodecimals, or feet, inches, and twelfths of an inch. In case the run is taken in feet, one inch on the square is called a foot, and in case the run is taken in inches, the readings will be in inches, twelfths, and onehundred and forty-fourths of an inch.

Various changes in the details of the de vice may be adopted within the scope of the claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. A carpenters square having a plurality of graduations along the edge of one arm, to denote inches, a transverse column of figures on said arm, indicating dierent pitches, transversely arranged tables or columns of side cuts for the hip and jack rafters arranged parallel to the pitch column under the lower inch graduations, and tables or columns of rafter lengths, arranged parallel to the aforesaid columns, under the higher inch graduations, such higher inch graduations corresponding to the length of certain rafter runs; substantially as described.

2. A carpenters square having graduations along the edge of one arm, numerals associated with said graduations to denote inches, a transverse column of figures adj acent one end of the arm to indicate different roof pitches, transversely arranged columns or tables of figures parallel to the pitch column under the numerals respectively of the higher inch graduations, to indicate hip or valley rafter lengths corresponding to the runs of common rafters, said last named numerals corresponding to the runs of common rafters referred to by said tables, and transversely arranged columns of figures parallel to the pitch column in association with the lower inch graduation numerals, giving measurements of other rafters, and intended for use in connection with said first named tables or columns of figures; substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand on the 6th day of July, 1911.

HENRY B. SARGENT. Witnesses:

MAY L. OCONNOR, F. W. Fnnnows.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing Ithe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

